![]() The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the native parliament, the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, immigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate.Īccording to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a latitude just south of the Arctic Circle. The interior consists of a volcanic plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Located on a rift between tectonic plates, Iceland's geologic activity includes geysers and frequent volcanic eruptions. ![]() The official language of the country is Icelandic. Its capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the country's roughly 380,000 residents. ![]() ![]() It is linked culturally and politically with Europe, and is the region's most sparsely populated country. Iceland ( Icelandic: Ísland, pronounced ⓘ) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. ![]()
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